Around the world, there are various legal approaches to equality. For instance, France does not recognize minorities—its theory being that race and ethnicity should not be recognized, and everyone is simply French. However, racial clashes in France have made headlines in recent years. South Africa, on the other hand, built its constitution around a substantive concept of equality. Nations vary on the extent to which they promote social inclusion. Yet substantial equality issues remain. Across the world, differing concepts of equality in the law (i.e. substantive, formal / Aristotelian) may have similar or different outcomes. This symposium addresses how legal approaches to equality affect social justice.
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